The struggle for Indian independence is commonly associated with the 1857 revolt, but a lesser-known event, the Santhal Hul of 1855, deserves recognition as a pivotal moment in the fight against British colonialism. This uprising, which unfolded in the Santhal Pargana region of Jharkhand, demonstrated the courage and determination of the Santhal people.
Lasting approximately nine months, the Hul movement saw the Santhals confront the British East India Company and its oppressive policies. The movement, led by Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu, along with their brothers Chand and Bhairav, united more than 50,000 individuals from hundreds of Santhal villages. They established their own administration, directly challenging the British and targeting the collaborators and exploitative practices of moneylenders. Their primary demand was the liberation of their land from colonial rule.
The British retaliated with force, employing brutal tactics. The Santhals, however, refused to yield, even in the face of violence. The British tried to use intimidation, including the deployment of elephants, to break the rebellion. They also offered rewards for the capture of the leaders. Despite the efforts of the British, the rebellion continued.
The impact of the Hul movement was significant. The British, recognizing the tenacity of the Santhals, were compelled to implement the SPT Act in 1876, aimed at protecting Santhal land and fostering self-governance. Although many lives were lost, including Sidhu-Kanhu, Chand-Bhairav, and Phulo-Jhano, the Hul movement ultimately secured crucial protections for the Santhal community. The day of the Santhal Hul is remembered and celebrated on June 30, reminding us of their fight for freedom.