The upcoming 2025 Bihar elections are poised to witness the continued influence of ‘bahubalis’ (strongmen), a phenomenon deeply embedded in the state’s political fabric. Decades of complex caste politics have enabled these figures to gain electoral traction, often by consolidating support within their communities. Mohammad Shahabuddin’s 1990 victory as an independent is often cited as a watershed moment, establishing a template for incorporating muscle power and patronage into electoral strategies.
These influential leaders frequently establish dominance in their electoral territories, where their personal appeal can overshadow party ideologies. They act as crucial facilitators for vote mobilization, command significant loyalty, and impact local administrative decisions. As the election draws nearer, these bahubalis are actively positioning themselves, maintaining a dynamic relationship with both political parties and the electorate, characterized by negotiation and mutual dependence.
This enduring relationship, a blend of convenience and necessity, has become a hallmark of Bihar’s political scene, resembling a modern-day ‘situationship’ – an alliance that is transactional, unstable, yet persistent.
The current election landscape features a considerable number of candidates facing criminal charges, ranging from serious offenses to allegations of intimidation. The RJD has fielded the most candidates with such backgrounds, followed by JDU and BJP. Several key constituencies are once again becoming focal points for strongman rivalries.
Recent reports highlight an increase in the number of candidates with criminal records, underscoring the persistent challenge of muscle power in politics. The influence of established strongmen remains potent, with their families often stepping into active political roles to maintain their networks. The ongoing political trajectories of figures like Anant Singh and Anand Mohan illustrate the lasting impact of these powerful individuals.
The ‘situationship’ governing Bihar’s politics persists, a complex equilibrium where parties seek winnability, strongmen seek legitimacy, and voters navigate their options within this established framework, highlighting a continuous cycle of influence and electoral strategy.