Maulana Mahmood Madani, leading Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind, has triggered a nationwide storm with his recent statements regarding ‘jihad’, the national anthem ‘Vande Mataram’, and judicial pronouncements from the Supreme Court. These remarks have faced significant backlash and condemnation from various political factions and the general populace, heightening concerns over the stability of communal relations. Accounts suggest that Madani’s comments were met with hearty approval from those present, sparking worries about the potential for activist mobilization. The concept of ‘jihad’ is complex, often encompassing personal spiritual exertion. However, historical narratives frequently cite its application in early military invasions of India, beginning with Muhammad bin Qasim’s expedition in 712 AD. Figures like Mahmud of Ghazni, Muhammad Ghori, and Alauddin Khilji are historically associated with campaigns and conquests described as ‘jihad’, which involved significant historical events like temple raids and considerable loss of life. In more recent history, ‘jihad’ has been invoked in conflicts involving Pakistan and by militant groups in Jammu and Kashmir, with Lashkar-e-Taiba reportedly claiming responsibility for the 2008 Mumbai attacks as ‘jihad’. Additionally, Madani reportedly expressed discontent with several Supreme Court rulings and advised against the recitation of ‘Vande Mataram’ by Muslims.
