India’s Gulf Relations: A Strategic Assessment of Key Partnerships in the Middle East

The recent defense agreement between Saudi Arabia and Pakistan has sparked discussions on India’s relationships with the Gulf nations. This agreement, encompassing mutual defense commitments and possible nuclear weapon considerations, has brought into focus the question of which Gulf countries are India’s most reliable allies. The Gulf countries – Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iraq, Bahrain, Kuwait, the UAE, and Oman – share established historical, cultural, and economic relationships with India, including trade and a significant Indian diaspora. Saudi Arabia has developed a strong partnership with India. The UAE is arguably India’s most important partner. Trade between the two has grown substantially, and the UAE is a significant source of remittances. Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Oman also have substantial Indian populations and contribute to their economies and culture. Iraq is crucial for India’s oil imports. India’s relations with the Gulf countries are built on the presence of the Indian diaspora, remittances, and energy and trade. The Gulf nations depend on India for food and grain. The strong ties also contribute to Gulf airlines. While the Saudi-Pakistan agreement is a concern, India maintains robust and multifaceted relationships with each of the Gulf nations. The UAE and Saudi Arabia are frontrunners as key partners. These important relationships highlight the nature of India’s international relations.