Crystal methamphetamine, originating from clandestine labs in Afghanistan and Pakistan’s border regions, is now being trafficked extensively via Pakistan’s Makran coastline to markets in the Gulf and beyond. The process involves transporting the drug to coastal communities like Gwadar and Pasni, where it is loaded onto dhows for nighttime departures across the Arabian Sea. This maritime drug trade represents a significant ‘industrialization’ of the Southern Route, with meth replacing heroin due to its lighter weight, higher profitability, and lower detection risks. International maritime forces and regional authorities, including those in Oman and the UAE, have reported a surge in meth seizures directly linked to boats departing from Pakistan’s shores. Despite Pakistan’s official stance categorizing these vessels as ‘stateless,’ investigations consistently point to Balochistan as the source. The consistent demand from the Gulf’s recreational drug scene and established smuggling networks in East Africa underpins the sustained flow of this contraband. Analysts describe the trade as ‘scheduled shipping,’ indicating a well-organized export industry rather than opportunistic smuggling. The Makran coast’s natural features, including numerous secluded inlets and a thinly populated terrain, provide excellent cover for these illegal activities. The proximity and operational framework of Gwadar Port’s free zone have also been identified as potential factors enabling covert cargo movements. India has responded by strengthening its maritime surveillance network, aiming to comprehensively map and counter the meth trafficking routes. The consequences for Balochistan are severe, as the narcotics economy perpetuates corruption, finances criminal enterprises, and deepens societal reliance on illicit activities, creating a pervasive challenge that appears to be overlooked or ignored by Pakistani authorities.
