As global nuclear politics intensifies, a crucial question is being debated in India: is it time to resume nuclear testing? This conversation has been amplified by reports of potential U.S. and Russian nuclear activities and allegations of covert tests by Pakistan, significantly altering the strategic calculations for New Delhi.
India has observed a voluntary moratorium on nuclear testing since its 1998 Pokhran-II tests, which included a claimed hydrogen bomb detonation. This has been central to its doctrine of ‘credible minimum deterrence’ and a no-first-use policy. However, the escalating nuclear capabilities of its neighbors, particularly China’s growing arsenal and advanced MIRV-capable missiles, are prompting a strategic re-evaluation. Some voices within the defense establishment believe that if global powers break the long-standing testing pause, India should consider conducting its own thermonuclear tests.
With an estimated 180 warheads, India’s nuclear arsenal is comparable to Pakistan’s but significantly smaller than China’s projected future strength. The argument for testing is rooted in validating India’s indigenous technological capabilities, ensuring its deterrence remains robust, and keeping pace with advancements in missile technology. While such a move would undoubtedly carry diplomatic consequences and could challenge India’s international standing, proponents argue it’s a necessary step to safeguard national security in a rapidly evolving threat environment.